The hypopharynx is a part of the throat (along with the nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx). Hypopharyngeal cancer includes any cancerous growth in the lower part of the throat. Although hypopharyngeal cancer arises from a combination of genetics and environmental factors, the exact causes are not always known. Tobacco use is one of the biggest risk factors for developing hypopharyngeal cancer. A common warning sign is difficulty with swallowing. Other possible symptoms include a lump in the neck or ear pain. If a patient notices difficulty with swallowing, with or without any of these other symptoms, it’s a good idea for them to get it checked by a doctor as soon as possible. A biopsy may be necessary to determine if the growth is cancerous, and further evaluation with an MRI or a CT scan may be required. The treatment for hypopharyngeal cancer is usually surgery, sometimes followed by radiation treatment and occasionally chemotherapy.
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