Neck muscle spasms, the involuntary tightening of neck muscles, often afflict head and neck cancer patients, especially after surgery or radiation affects the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle and other neck muscles within the radiation field.
Understanding the Causes
Patients undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer have shown a strong dose-effect relationship in studies, with higher radiation doses increasing the likelihood of spasms. Moreover, recent research has indicated that women are more prone to this issue than men, especially those with a larger SCM volume in the radiation field, higher nodal status, and radiation doses above 60 rads.
Certain surgical procedures, like a lateral neck dissection, may also heighten the risk of postoperative neck muscle spasms. Additionally, patients often report a sensation akin to a vice gripping their neck, a common side effect of combined surgery and radiation therapy, which negatively impacts their quality of life.
Symptoms & Prevention
Patients frequently describe neck muscle spasms as intense, “Charley horse-like” contractions, sometimes accompanied by prolonged pain. These spasms can be triggered by minor movements and vary in duration. Preventing these spasms is crucial, though they can emerge long after treatment ends. Several treatments offer relief for severe spasms.
Treatments & Therapies for Neck Muscle Spasms
Prompt identification and treatment of neck muscle spasms are essential. Post-surgery, evaluating a patient’s neck range of motion can guide the introduction of treatment exercises.
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy, including neck exercises and tissue massages, plays a vital role in alleviating spasms by easing muscle tension. These exercises, often under a therapist’s guidance, form part of the care for patients post-surgery or radiation therapy, with the aim of reducing stiffness through sustained stretching.
Botox: A Solution for Severe Cases
For resistant cases, botulinum toxin A (Botox) injections may offer relief by blocking the nerve signals that cause muscle contraction. Physicians can provide detailed information to patients on the suitability and logistics of Botox treatment.
Conclusion
Neck muscle spasms are a challenging side effect for head and neck cancer survivors, significantly affecting their quality of life. A comprehensive approach involving early detection, physical therapy, and possibly Botox injections can mitigate these spasms, offering relief and improving life quality. Patients and healthcare providers must collaborate closely to manage and overcome these debilitating symptoms.
