Oral thrush (Candidiasis) is a type of fungal infection most often located in the mouth and throat area. Under normal instances, these fungal organisms co-exist peacefully with the other microorganisms that naturally exist in the oral cavity. Unfortunately, changes to this oral environment can result in an overgrowth of certain fungal organisms, which can cause an infection.
Changes That Can Trigger Fungal Growth
- Compromised immune system.
- Decreased saliva.
- Radiation or surgical changes to the mouth.
Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy are more likely to encounter the factors above, and are therefore at higher risk for developing oral thrush than the general population. Cancer patients can maximize oral cavity health by keeping their mouth moist and clean. This is often a challenge for those undergoing chemoradiation. Rinsing of the mouth with baking soda and water, frequent tooth brushing, and drinking plenty of water may provide some relief.
Symptoms of an Oral Fungal Infection
Oral thrush can have many different symptoms, including:
- White patches on the inner cheeks, tongue, throat, and floor of mouth.
- A burning sensation in the mouth that may cause difficulty eating and swallowing.
- Loss of taste.
- Cotton mouth (extremely dry mouth).
- Redness and cracking at the corners of the mouth.
Patients should contact their health care provider if they have symptoms that are related to candidiasis in the mouth, throat, or esophagus.
Possible Treatments for Oral Thrush
The most common treatment for oral thrush is antifungal medicine. These may be prescribed in an oral suspension or rinse (such as nystatin), systemically as an oral medication (such as fluconazole) or as a dissolvable lozenge (Mycelex Troches). The duration of treatment is generally determined by the period of time it takes for a patient’s symptoms to diminish or disappear. Doctors will assess their patients routinely to determine if they should continue with their antifungal medication.
